Failure Of The American Dream The Great Gatsby - 1758 Words

Failure of the American Dream: The Great Gatsby F. Scott Fitzgerald is one of the most representative literary figures of the Jazz Age and 1920’s. He is the author of The Great Gatsby which he wrote based on his love for a girl named Zelda Sayre, who would not marry him until he could prove his success of the American Dream through his wealth which he did not yet have. From this, he wrote The Great Gatsby, a story about a man named Gatsby who tries to regain Daisy’s love through wealth and a materialistic lifestyle. His plans, however, do not prevail as Daisy runs back to her husband. The Failure of the American Dream can be proven through examples of unhappy materialism, and the idea that having everything causes happiness, when in fact it only causes an overwhelming array of items, and people who only like other people for the things they have. This can also be proven through the idea that the social class barrier makes it nearly impossible for someone born into poverty to become a successful person. Finally, the f ailure of the American dream can be shown through the idea that dignity relies on wealth, the way someone is viewed by others is heavily based on what they own and wear. The American Dream, the idea that every American should receive equal opportunity to succeed through hard work, determination, and initiative, is often unattainable due to the unfair advantage decided by the financial situation a person is born into, and unrealistic expectations people place onShow MoreRelatedThe Great Gatsby EssayÂâ€"Failure of the American Dream1258 Words   |  6 PagesThe novel, The Great Gatsby, by F. Scott Fitzgerald, is about the American Dream, an idealistic and illusionary goal to achieve wealth and status. The ruthless pursuit of wealth leads to the corruption of human nature and moral values. Fitzgerald uses characters in the novel to show the corruptions and the illusionary nature of the American Dream. The superficial achievement of the American Dreams give no fulfillment, no real joy and peace; but instead, creates lots of problems for the charactersRead MoreThe Great Gatsby Essay—Failure of the American Dream1269 Words   |  6 PagesThe novel, The Great Gatsby, by F. Scott Fitzgerald, is about the American Dream, an idealistic and illusionary goal to achieve wealth and status. The ruthless pursuit of wealth leads to the corruption of human nature and moral values. Fitzgerald uses characters in the novel to show the corruptions and the illusionary nature of the American Dream. The superficial achievement of the American Dreams give no fulfillment, no real joy and peace; but instead, creates lots of problems for the charactersRead MoreFailure to Achieve the American Dream in The Great Gatsby by F.Scott Fitzgerald1020 Words   |  4 Pages Failure to Achieve the American Dream in The Great Gatsby The American dream is the idea that was presented through American literature. The Dreamer aspires to rise from rags to riches, while engrossing in such things as wealth, love on his way to the top and to West Egg. In 1920’s early settler’s rooted to the United States Declaration of Independence who demonstrates that â€Å"All men are equal†. The dream of a land that life can be better place that is richer and fuller for every man that givesRead MoreFailure of the American Dream in F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby1042 Words   |  5 Pagesthe life of Gatsby. Gatsby deeply desires to live out the â€Å"American dream.† He wants fame, riches, parties, mansions, but most of all love. Gatsby succeeds in every area except the most important. Gatsby still feels a desire to fulfill his final dream of finding a true love. Not willing to settle for an arbitrary love, Gatsby sets his sights on a young woman named Daisy. The problem is that Gatsby can n ever have Daisy because she is already in a relationship with another man. Gatsby, still wantingRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald Essay1435 Words   |  6 PagesHypothesis: Gatsby s failure arose from his deluded and futile dream of Daisy. After reading and studying F. Scott Fitzgerald s great mark on American literature which is The Great Gatsby, I have concluded that Jay Gatsby s failure arose from his deluded and futile dream of Daisy. I have found two critics perspectives on The Great Gatsby in relation to my hypothesis. The two critics I studied were McLennan (2014) and Islam (2014). I hypothesized that Gatsby s failure arose from his deludedRead MoreF. Scott Fitzgerald s The Great Gatsby Essay1077 Words   |  5 Pagesthe age because his novels deal with the American life in 20th century. Fitzgerald regards himself as a failure, and it was only after his death in 1940 that the greatness of his novel was recognized. The novel was published in 1925. After World War II, the novel became popular. It was taught in American high schools. Many stage and film versions of the novel also appeared. The Great Gatsby even became a front runner for the title of ‘The Great American novel’. The events in the novel play outRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald Essay1421 Words   |  6 Pages We begin our introduction to Gatsby in a fantasy of mansions and money. However, the film s progression unravels Gatsby’s superficial layer of wealth to reveal a delusional man who has built himself on a futile dream. Together we will explore the religious and sociological views upon Gatsby’s failure as dictated by McLennan (2014) and Islam (2014). I hypothesized that Gatsby s failure arose from his deluded and futile dream of Daisy. Gatsby s failure is that he continues to pursue Daisy, whoRead MoreEssay On The American Dream In The Great Gatsby1652 Words   |  7 PagesThe American Dream is a popular theme in many classic American novels and has been throughout history. This theme is often used as a motive or influence for the plot of many novels and drives characters to take action to accomplish these dreams. The American Dream is also used in the two novels, The Great Gatsby, by F. Scott Fitzgerald, and Death of a Salesman, by Arthur Miller. Both of the main characters in these novels had a specific dream and they based their entire lives off of these dreams. TheRead MoreThe Great Gatsby and Glengarry Glen Ross1116 Words   |  5 PagesThe American dream, this is what draws the most people to move to America, whether it be legally or illegally. Everyone wants a piece of this dream. To people who look at America this dream means the perfect life. This is one of the similarities concerning the American dream in both The Great Gatsby and Glengarry Glen Ross. Both of these literary works have the American dream as a fundamental theme throughout. The ideas shared in both of these works range from success and freedom to self-creationRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1335 Words   |  6 PagesThe American Dream is a philosophy based off of starting from nothing and achieving family, fortune, and fame. The belief that self-determination and hard work will lead to the attainment of the American Dream is strongly tied with the American culture. This philosophical idea, however, is not portrayed in The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald, which is often referred to as one of the â€Å"Great American Novels† to date. In terms, a â€Å"Great American Novel† should portray an honest and well-remembered

Essay on Nathaniel Hawthornes The Artist of the Beautiful

Nathaniel Hawthornes The Artist of the Beautiful He had caught a far other butterfly than this. When the artist rose high enough to achieve the beautiful, the symbol by which he made it perceptible to mortal senses became of little value in his eyes while his spirit possessed itself in the enjoyment of the reality. -Hawthorne, The Artist of the Beautiful. In The Artist of the Beautiful by Nathaniel Hawthorne, creative process is represented as the practice of creating an animated mechanism in the shape of a butterfly and imbuing it with the spirit of Owen Warland – the pursuer of beauty. Owen is confronted with the skepticisms of Robert Danforth, a blacksmith, and Peter Hovenden, a retired watch maker. Both Robert†¦show more content†¦However, Hawthorne stresses the importance of the process – the intellectual thought process, effort, and imagination – of creating art rather than the usefulness of the product. From the beginning of the story, Owen Warland, a watchmaker, is alienated from the rest of the characters. Owen struggles against his own self-doubt as well as the disbelief in his efforts expressed by the other characters. He is directly contrasted and compared to Robert Danforth the blacksmith, who produces practical tools, by Owens former master, Peter Hovenden. Clearly, Peter looks down upon Owen for working on watches and machinery that has less value than a Dutch toy (Hawthorne 332). After his work has been destroyed once by Annie Hovenden, Owen withdraws himself from work. When Annie gets engaged to Robert, Owens health falters, he loses motivation, and he becomes unfit to work. Throughout the story, Owen walks a lonely path while the incredulous world assails him with its utter disbelief (337). My personal experience in visual arts tells me that sometimes artists may prefer being alone. Although Owen is alienated from the rest of the characters due to the social atmosphere in the story, when I worked on the largest pencil drawing I have ever done, I worked strictly alone; I did not listen to what others had to say about my drawing. Some did not like how I was approaching my drawing, but I felt maybe they will understand once they see the finished product. IShow MoreRelated Hawthornes The Artist of the Beautiful, Pollacks Stitches in Time, and Jungs The Spirit Man, Art and Literature1453 Words   |  6 PagesNathaniel Hawthornes The Artist of the Beautiful, Barbara Pollacks Stitches in Time, and Car Jungs The Spirit Man, Art and Literature The artist has been a mystery to many of us: unexplainably driven in his work; seemingly unconcerned with any other aspects of his life; often oblivious to the world around him. The artists in Nathaniel Hawthornes The Artist of the Beautiful, Barbara Pollacks Stitches in time, and Carl Jungs The Spirit in Man, Art, and Literature represent someRead MoreIn The Highly Analyzed Short Story â€Å"The Birth-Mark,† Author1873 Words   |  8 PagesIn the highly analyzed short story â€Å"The Birth-mark,† author Nathanial Hawthorne’s writing is shown to be an allegory with much of the allegorical themes represented through the idea of perfection in society. Hawthorne’s symbolism and themes display his belief that life consists of imperfection and the loss of imperfection results in the loss of life. In his writing he shows the readers â€Å"the power of both science and arrogance† that man is comprised of and uses the story of â€Å"the Birth-markâ⠂¬  as a depictionRead MoreThe Call Of Cthulhu, By Nathaniel Hawthorne1472 Words   |  6 PagesIn Nathaniel Hawthorne’s short story, â€Å"The Birth-mark,† and H.P. Lovecraft’s horror story, â€Å"The Call of Cthulhu,† there are both similarities in themes and style, however, their characterization and narration is entirely different. This lends itself to creating two different short stories, both can be classified as horror or suspenseful. Hawthorne’s story, published earlier, shares a similar theme of humanity and union with â€Å"The Call of Cthulhu.† The documentary style of H.P. Lovecraft’s shortRead MoreThe Call Of Cthulhu, By Nathaniel Hawthorne1388 Words   |  6 PagesIn Nathaniel Hawthorne’s short story, â€Å"The Birth-mark,† and H.P. Lovecraft’s horror story, â€Å"The Call of Cthulhu,† there are both similarities in themes and style, however, their characterization and narration is entir ely different. This lends itself to creating two different short stories, both can be classified as horror or suspenseful. Hawthorne’s story, published earlier, shares a similar theme of humanity and union with â€Å"The Call of Cthulhu.† The documentary style of H.P. Lovecraft’s shortRead More The Fate of Women in The Birthmark Essay2415 Words   |  10 PagesThe Fate of Women in â€Å"The Birthmark†Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Wilson Sullivan in â€Å"Nathaniel Hawthorne† in New England Men of Letters states that Nathaniel Hawthorne’s tale, â€Å"The Birthmark,† depicts the efforts â€Å"of a deranged scientist to obtain total perfection† in   his wife by removal of a facial blemish. In this story the scientist operates on the superficial level of the physical world, while the woman, the truly heroic woman, functions on the level of the heart and soul, the more significant levelRead More Rappaccini’s Daughter - Women Essay2819 Words   |  12 Pagesare the attitudes of the young medical school student in Hawthorne’s tale, â€Å"Rappaccini’s Daughter,† toward women; of the author toward women; of   other characters in the story toward women? Are women involved in basic plot development? This essay intends to answer these and other questions about women in the short story.    Beatrice, Dr. Rappaccini’s daughter, is the prime motivating force in the story. Giovanni’s love for the beautiful daughter, mixed perhaps with pride, blinds him to variousRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter By Hugues Merle1580 Words   |  7 Pagesdifferent definition of an adulterer. The Scarlet Letter (Figure 1) can be recognized not only for retelling the well-known novel of Nathaniel Hawthorne, but also for the body language in which he paints Hester and Pearl, which is similar to that of the Madonna and Child (Walters Museum). This painting was William Walters’ first commission from a French artist. It came with the requirement that Merle would illustrate this story (Walters Museum). His painting represents the common themes of sinRead More Rappaccinis Daughter Essay: Finding the Heart in Rappaccinis Daughter911 Words   |  4 PagesFinding the Heart in Rappaccinis Daughter         In Hawthornes short story, Rappaccinis Daughter, Rappaccini is ostensibly a cold, calculating scientist. A pure scientist who would willingly give his daughter, himself, or whatever else most precious to him for the sake of adding so much as a grain of mustard seed to the great heap of his accumulated knowledge (1641). This leads most to believe that Rappaccini lacks any emotion and concern for his scientific subjects and their desiresRead MoreBy the end of the eighteenth century, thought gradually moved towards a new trend called1200 Words   |  5 Pagesimagination itself was the soul, and that the key to the identity of humans was embedded into the mind, therefore, they used their imagination to create the beautiful and change lives. The importance of individualism had no limits when it came to making a living in the free markets of the arts and together with imagination, romantic artists expressed an appetite for their unique varieties of art and literature Romantic Literature and Art When it comes to literature the Romantics used language andRead MoreThe Beautiful And Ethan Brand By Nathaniel Hawthorne2405 Words   |  10 Pagesstories, The Artist of the Beautiful and Ethan Brand by Nathaniel Hawthorne, the titular characters appear to suffer from an alteration of the mind, interpreted today as mental disorders, diseases that Hawthorne’s time did not recognize. Yet, this alteration sparks their endeavors. Through their deviance from society’s norms, abnormal behavior with women, and interactions with nature, the characters of Owen Warland and Ethan Brand engage in a corruption of the mind stemming from Hawthorne’s concept of

Chinas One

Chinas One-Child Policy Essay Chinas One-Child Policy In our society, the United States, children are seen potentially as the as the future. Whether they are male or female, they have the power to be something when they grow up. But if their life is cut short, the opportunity to do so is taken away. In 1976, China implemented what is known as the One-Child Policy in order to try and solve their problem of overpopulation (McDonald, 1996). Although the policy may seem as though it is a good idea in solving the problem, the consequences of this policy has lead to female infanticide.Throughout centuries, China has been battling with overpopulation, one of the biggest issues that the nation has been faced with, forcing the government to enforce the one-child policy. The desire to control the rapidly growing population dates back to the Mao Zedong era where the population number was at a ripe 602 million people (Stycos, 1989). He believed that with every mouth comes two hands. What he did not realize at the time was that too many mouths bring hardship, poverty, and paucity of food supplies. In 1979, the Chinese government decided to enforce a policy that would help minimize the growth of their population (McDonald, 1996). The one-child policy was what they thought would solve the problem. Married couples would have to sign an agreement known as the one-child certificate. This certificate served as a contract between the couple and the Chinese Government stating that the couples and the one child that they have will be granted economic and educational advantages in return for promising not to have more than one child (Audubon, 1994). Since each couple is allowed one child, the gender of that child determines whether or not it stays in China as part of the family. Since the beginning of time, females were always seen as being inferior to males in any society. The females ultimate duties were to have and take of the children, the household duties and be the servant to their husband while the males worked and took care of the family in terms of financial status. In China, the males are the ones that the majority of the couples chose because they are the ones who not only carry on the family name, but also are most likely the ones who are able to provide support for their parents in their old age (Li Choe, 1997). In China, when a female is born, especially first, there are many different choices the couple must make. First of all, are they willing to keep the child since it is the only one they can legally keep? If the couple decides that the child they want is a male, they must decide on what to do with this child. What happens to the child ranges from giving them up to state orphanages to murder. Due to the enforcement of the one-child policy, many female children end up in orphanages (Beijing Review, 1997). Being put into an orphanage in our society would give the child a chance to live and maybe even be adopted by another family. In China, the conditions in the orphanages are so filthy that the neglect that they would have at home if the couple decided to keep the female would be better than the maltreatment they would receive. Many female children end up in orphanages in China rarely having males occupy them unless there was something wrong with the child. Each month 90 percent from 50 to 60 baby girls arrive in one of the many orphanages and end their lives their (Choe, 1995). The children sit on bamboo benches with their hands and feet tied to the armrests and legs of the chair. .u0f51f878003788c341ae118d12a76acc , .u0f51f878003788c341ae118d12a76acc .postImageUrl , .u0f51f878003788c341ae118d12a76acc .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u0f51f878003788c341ae118d12a76acc , .u0f51f878003788c341ae118d12a76acc:hover , .u0f51f878003788c341ae118d12a76acc:visited , .u0f51f878003788c341ae118d12a76acc:active { border:0!important; } .u0f51f878003788c341ae118d12a76acc .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u0f51f878003788c341ae118d12a76acc { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u0f51f878003788c341ae118d12a76acc:active , .u0f51f878003788c341ae118d12a76acc:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u0f51f878003788c341ae118d12a76acc .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u0f51f878003788c341ae118d12a76acc .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u0f51f878003788c341ae118d12a76acc .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u0f51f878003788c341ae118d12a76acc .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u0f51f878003788c341ae118d12a76acc:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u0f51f878003788c341ae118d12a76acc .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u0f51f878003788c341ae118d12a76acc .u0f51f878003788c341ae118d12a76acc-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u0f51f878003788c341ae118d12a76acc:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Homosexuality (526 words) Essay Below them are buckets that are placed under the holes in the seats to catch their excretions. When it is time for bed, the children are taken out of the seats and tied to their beds (Geographical Magazine, 1996). This is the treatment that that the children face everyday and the Chinese do not see a problem with such harsh behavior. If anything of this sort occurred in the United States, the people would see to it that

The First 13 Of The 18 Documents, Collectively Called The Essays

The first 13 of the 18 documents, collectively called The Extermination of the Jews, were not in any way new stories to me. In fact I came into this book with the same attitude that I usually do when faced with Holocaust stories, that of "Yes it was horrible, but I know all about it already. This reading isn't going to do anything to my attitude." I, as I always am in thinking such a thought, was wrong. No matter how much you know, no matter how many Holocaust survivors speak to you, no matter how much you read about it, no matter how much the atrocities are ingrained into you mind, you can never be immune. You are always horrified by this extermination, and every time that you read about any incident you are more disgusted than the last. You are always reminded that these people that were being slaughtered like animals were not much different than yourself or anybody that you know. It does not matter whether you are Jewish, Christian, Muslim, or any other religion, you have to sympathize with these people because they are people. Despite whatever the Nazis tried to make them into, one can easily see that is was not the Jews who were sub-human, but the vicious, blood-thirsty Nazi murderers who were the animals. Many of these readings reminded me of the question "Where were the people? Where were those who said, `NO! This is wrong!'? Why would no one stand up to such an obvious wrong?" The ninth document shows how the Nazis eliminated Jews' rights. It amazes me that there weren't more non-Jews who would speak out against these ridiculous, arbitrary laws. Can fear truly silence a person to the point of just accepting the dehumanization and deaths of millions of people? I still cannot bring myself to believe that this is human nature. No thinking human being could accept this, yet an entire nation bowed to the insane will of a madman. Clearly, somewhere in human nature is an innate passivity possessed by many people. This passivity must be so powerful that it can silence those who wish to be active, who will stand up for what is right. Is it not reasonable then to think that ,despite all of the good intentions and courage that people display, it could happen again. Document five shows how a person can be fooled into believing in the superiority of one group over another. Globocnik must have felt this way or he would never be able to make boasts about burying bronze tablets in order to commemorate his murderous work. What does it take to make a human, the only known sentient creature, pride himself of doing something that is below even the barest of creatures? It was this document that was the most shocking to me. Where the others show the suffering of those the Nazis captured and killed, this one shows in ghastly detail how some delighted in the misery these people. The final five documents attempt to show varying explanations as to how this abomination known as the Holocaust could have occurred. The first, an excerpt form Machiavelli's The Prince shows reasons that Hitler was able to retain such control over the population. He states that fear enables a ruler to retain perfect control over those he rules. Indeed this was one of Hitler's strategies. He scared people into not reacting by using the threats of imprisonment and death. The statements made by Hobbes attempt to prove that man is naturally evil. Although upon first glance at the Holocaust one may think that this is true, it seems that a more accurate representation would be that some people are evil, and that they when in power can influence the primarily neutral population. Locke's view of the rationality in man's nature seems an absurd optimistic opinion after reading all of the offenses against humanity. Although there may well be people governed by rationality they quite obviously cannot make up the bulk of those living or such illogical random acts of cruelty and evil , such as the Holocaust, could not occur. Ardrey makes statements that there is a natural instinct for man to be aggressive. Indeed this may be true, as it explains the behavior of the Nazi executioners. Without some sort of murderous tendency it would not be possible to kill that many defenseless people. Skinner's opinion that the actions of a man are a direct result of his surrounding situations effectively explains the reasons for the Holocaust happening. The surrounding conditions of economic depression and

Essay About 50 Shades of Grey

Essay About 50 Shades of Grey In 2012, British author E. L. James’ erotic romance novel Fifty Shades of Grey first took the Western world by storm, in North America and Europe, garnering much attention due to its explicit content. As the first installment of the Fifty Shades Trilogy, the book portrays a deepening relationship between a college student, Anastasia Steele, and a young business magnate, Christian Gray, in Seattle, Washington. It gained notability for its erotic scenes featuring elements of sexual practices involving bondage/discipline, dominance/submission and sadism/masochism (BDSM). Since then the book and the trilogy, Fifty Shades Darker and Fifty Shades Freed, has sold millions of copies worldwide, long ago entering into best-seller status, and been translated into dozens of other languages. Not bad for a book that was originally self-published as an e-book and on a print-on-demand basis. Tides turned in 2012 when Vintage Books acquired the publishing rights. And the rest is history. Though readers couldn’t get enough of the book, critical reception of the book leaned on the negative. Critics thought the quality of the prose was generally poor; that despite the racy scenes, it wasn’t written very well. Nonetheless, just before Valentine’s Day 2015, Universal Pictures produced a film based on Fifty Shades of Grey, the first book in the Trilogy, which also received generally unfavorable reviews. It premiered at the 65th Berlin International Film Festival in early February 2015. But it still went on to be an immediate box office success, making more than $400 million in the box office. It cast film stars Dakota Johnson as Anastasia Steele and Jamie Dornan as Christian Grey. A sequel to the film is planned for a 2016 release. At its core, Fifty Shades of Grey, the movie and the book (and even Fifty Shades Darker and Fifty Shades Freed) is all a story of transformation done out of love. Christian Grey, though successful and extremely wealthy, has a dark past – a physically abusive childhood that leaves him angry and distanced from other people and into perverted sexual practices. Anastasia then interviews him for a college paper, and over time they have an attraction that turns into a sexual relationship. At first, Christian engages in his kinky sexual games with the innocent, naà ¯ve and inexperienced Anastasia. The BDSM becomes too much for her: she begins to have feelings for him and desires for a normal relationship with romantic lovemaking. She gives him an ultimatum; she is done with the BDSM and tells Christian she will stop their relationship and leave him unless he can demonstrate a capacity to love her and show appropriate, sensitive feelings for her. It works, too. He changes for her. Throughout Fifty Shades of Grey, the book and film, Christian is also falling in love with Anastasia. The reader, or film viewer, knows this but speculates that he masks his emotional vulnerabilities with dominating, exploitative sexual practices in which he involves her repeatedly. It appears, at first, he is taking advantage of the young inexperienced girl. Using her for sex, for her body. But in the end of the first story, we learn that he transforms and embraces his more sensitive, selfless and romantic side in order to keep her. The two subsequent stories of the Trilogy focus on their relationship after they decide to date and try a serious relationship. All in all, Fifty Shades of Grey is not your classic romance story. But it may be the romance story of today’s world and society. In many regards, the story sets precedents on what can be included in and considered art and literature and film. Twenty years ago or longer, this story would have been considered risquà © and pornographic in nature. The story is a testament to the ever-changing views on sex, and is a nod to sex, even kinky sexy, becoming part of the mainstream media and world of entertainment – and not just something done behind closed doors but part of many people’s everyday life. If you are reading this article, youre most likely looking for information about the book or the movie. Or the case may be you need an essay written about the 50 Shades of Grey story. Whichever the case, is the right place to go to. Our writers can do professional research, report and essay writing on any topic there is, including  the one this article is dedicated to. To get academic writing assistance, simply visit our order page, place your order and work will start immediately. We guarantee outcome  will exceed your expectations.

Meddling with Mettle

Meddling with Mettle Meddling with Mettle Meddling with Mettle By Maeve Maddox Another of Daniel’s great words of the day, mettle, provoked readers’ comments that have in turn prompted me to get into the act. Reader’s Comment 1 Mettle can also mean the â€Å"stuff of which a person is made.† So if I say I’m made of mettle, people won’t think I’m a robot (or, more likely, delusional)? I know that Peter was joking, but I just wanted to point out that although the word means â€Å"the stuff of which a person is made,† to say â€Å"I’m made of mettle† wouldn’t make sense. Most commonly the word mettle is used with a verb like show, test, or prove: Miami proves its mettle in win over Oklahoma Bilo rugby boys show their mettle NCC cadets test their mettle Other idioms with mettle: to be on your mettle:  to be determined to prove that you are good at something, especially in a difficult situation Nancy coach Paul Fischer knows his team must be on their mettle as they seek Study puts stents on their mettle. (in this case an inanimate object is being put on its mettle. Probably not an apt use of the expression.) Here’s a headline that plays on the same pronunciation (and same original meaning) of mettle and metal: Scrap thefts: Cops on their mettle The adjective mettlesome means â€Å"lively, high-spirited, courageous.† . . . M. Epailza, one of our most mettlesome adversaries The word seems to have some specialized meaning for gamers: Copy this simulator to the mettlesome directory†¨Run the Trainer. Start the mettlesome with this trainer.†¨ I certainly can’t figure out what â€Å"mettlesome† is supposed to mean in this paragraph on a gaming site: Buy wow characters, you are ensuring you can freely mettlesome without the hornlike slog. Theres no requirement to intend on the mettlesome an distance early than customary so you can conjoin for eve accounts you can go on at your connatural instance and savor the mettlesome to its flooded possible ness the aforementioned way thousands of others do. INWOWGOLD.COM Reader’s Comment 2 How about one who mettles in someone else’s business to the detriment of the relationship or the business? One meddles in someone else’s business. The usual sense of meddle these days is â€Å"to interfere,† as in these headlines: Building chief tells politicians not to meddle in Olympics Avoid the Temptation to Meddle in Haiti How insurers meddle in your medical care The word meddle comes from French and Latin words meaning â€Å"to mix.† The meaning â€Å"to concern oneself,† usually in a negative sense, dates from 1415. From 1340-1700 it was used as a euphemism for â€Å"to have sexual intercourse.† Shakespeare draws on this meaning in this exchange: Third Servingman: How, sir! do you meddle with my master? Coriolanus: Ay; ‘tis an honester service than to meddle with thy mistress. Coriolanus: IV, 5 Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:"Because Of" and "Due To" The Possessive ApostropheApostrophe with Plural Possessive Nouns

Immigration Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Immigration Law - Essay Example Descent is another mode of becoming a British citizen if the applicant was born outside the UK and if the applicant’s parents were British. Citizenship can also be obtained through naturalisation which is subject to the discretionary powers of the Home Secretary. At the present instance, the rights of citizens are under critical review and legislation has been enacted in order to prohibit any manner of discrimination. The central idea behind this review is to create an equal and vibrant society (Citizenship 1906-2003). The composite citizenship of the UK and its Colonies provided by the British Nationality Act of 1948 has been replaced by the British Nationality Act of 1981, which had been effective from 1983. Under this act, British citizenship can be attained only by birth in the UK, the Channel Islands, the Isle of Man, Gibraltar or the Falkland Islands to a parent who was a British citizen, or a settled resident there, by descent, by registration or by naturalization. In the year 1999 the Government restored full citizenship to UK Overseas Territories and Overseas citizens. Further, Commonwealth citizenship includes all sorts of British citizenship besides citizenship of any country of the Commonwealth. Citizens of the UK automatically become citizens of the EU (British citizenship, 2003). Naturalization is a legal process through which a non – citizen of a nation, by taking an oath of allegiance, attains the citizenship and the rights of a natural – born citizen of a nation. The British Nationality Act of 1981 stipulates the requirements for naturalization in the UK. These conditions include a definite period of residence or service for the Crown abroad, good character, considerable proficiency in English, and an intention to reside in the UK (Naturalization, 2003 ). The British Nationality Act 1981 restricts the acquisition of the status of a British subject to persons on whom the British Nationality Act 1948 bestows this status. Persons who had been citizens of the UK and its Colonies under the 1948 Act, but failed to become citizens of the country where they lived, would continue to enjoy their status as British subjects.  

Poster Series Design Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Poster Series Design - Research Paper Example Posters are used as a form of communication medium due to their ability to pass massive information on a small sheet space (Poulin, 2012). The work of a poster designer is to transform written information into visual form. In other cases, designers might compelled to using typography only in order to demonstrate uniqueness as well as their skills in poster design art. Unity is the first step towards achieving a poster series. This aspect promotes order in composition thus reducing confusion when faced with a pile of work. In this section, a designer ought to assemble the headlines, photographs as well as the logos to be used in the poster series design. Unity is achieved through the employment of four major principles. This include; proximity, repetition, continuation and underlying colour. Proximity is based on the natural concept of arrangement that perpetuates, â€Å"things that belong to the same group go together in pattern formation.† Proximity helps the designer to group texts, objects or people in order to enhance clarity in the message (Poulin, 2012). When items from the same group for instance interlinked collection of watches are arranged in a close proximity, the viewers’ eyes can shift smoothly form one item to the next. As a result, the items create a visual unity thus communicating a similar message to the viewers. Th e arranging of items in a specific group is essential in poster series design as it draws the attention of viewers. Repetition is another method of creating unity in a poster series design. The viewers’ eyes are lured into following a repeated sequence of shapes, values and colours. In this case, the eyes are able to link the images irrespective of the group arrangement. A designer ought to create a series of repeated patterns in form of shapes at the poster’s background to create a tilling effect. Tilling effect creates a visual structure and interest thus tying together the elements in the foreground (Graphic Design

Equations from Harrison Essay Example for Free

Equations from Harrison Essay Nature has a way of bringing everything to its normal position, plants give off oxygen during photosynthesis, humans and animals use up this oxygen for survival and in turn give off carbon dioxide (CO2), which is used up by plants. This relationship shows how nature has created a balance between plants and animals. In natural water all living organism depend on the oxygen or dissolved oxygen in water for sustainability. Dissolved oxygen (DO) I water helps maintain a healthy river, lake and ocean and thus supporting different kinds of aquatic organism. A symbiotic system exits whereby all aquatic organisms depend on themselves for survival. Most of the dissolved oxygen (DO) in water comes from photosynthesis and atmosphere, about 8 10mg/l is needed to maintain 100% saturation in water. However, the level of dissolved oxygen in water varies, the amount or concentration of oxygen (O2) rises from morning through o evening, this is as a result of serious activity by plants in water. At this time photosynthesis is taking place and so oxygen (O2) is given off, whereas at night, the level of oxygen drops because photosynthesis has stopped. Nonetheless, plants and animals continue to consume oxygen. The level of oxygen drops, this drop may bring down the level of to about 4mg/l and this is the minimum amount that is required to sustain the living organisms in water. Man and nature contribute significantly to the level of dissolved oxygen (DO) in water both in a positive and negative way. Nature The levels of dissolved oxygen in water can greatly be affected by weather conditions, these are; temperature, pressure, erosion, sedimentation and ice cover. These factors affect the solubility of oxygen (O2) in water. An increase in temperature reduces the amount of dissolved oxygen. As the temperature increases the saturation concentration decreases (Gray N. F 1999). Table (1) shows the relationship between dissolved oxygen in water and temperature at 1 atmosphere. Temperature (oC) Dissolved Oxygen (mg/l) 0 Table (1) source; Gray N. F 1999 pg 67 From table (1) above it can be observed that as water gets warmer, there is a reduction in dissolved oxygen (DO), this is because the oxygen molecule becomes energised and diffuses to the water surface thereby leaving fewer dissolved oxygen in water. Dissolved minerals in water could be as a result erosion, sedimentation and weathering. Dissolved salt in water reduces the concentration of dissolved oxygen in water; water being a universal solvent dissolves salt. Oxygen is used up to form other compounds as shown below; SiO2(s) + 2H2O Si(OH)4 (1) Fe2O3(s) + 3H2O Fe 2O3. 3H2O(s) (2) CaO(s) +H2O Ca(OH)(aq) (3) CaCO3(s) + CO2 + H2O Ca2+(aq) + 2HCO3- (4) (Equations from Harrison R. M et al 1996) When these solid minerals dissolve in water, oxygen is used up to another compound. Man The quest by man for a better living has in a way impinged on the quality of water. To improve agricultural yield, fertilizer is added to plant root for growth, however, plants take up few amounts and the rest is washed into river and or lake. Nitrogen and phosphorus are the major constituents of fertilizer, if in excess, both elements in a compound form causes eutrophication thereby reducing the amount of dissolved oxygen in water. In developed countries treated sewage is disposed off into river, this waste contains microorganisms, detergents, and other waste product. If untreated or regulated these causes severe reduction of dissolved oxygen in a water body. Sewage contribute large amount of nutrients into the river, plants and microorganisms use up these nutrients, rivers or lake that contains essential mineral nutrient may support heavy growth of algae (Manaham S. E 1993). Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) In water dissolved oxygen (DO) place an important role in maintaining a balance as enumerated above, for instance, when oil or for that matter any substance that is a stranger is introduced into a water body, some biodegradation will take place to break down the hydrocarbon molecules, usually oxygen is the fuel that is used up or consumed to carry out this breakdown of the hydrocarbon molecules. Biodegradation can be chemical reaction or biological that is caused by living organisms like; bacteria, fungi, sulphate reducing bacteria etc. The amount of oxygen required to completely breakdown the hydrocarbon molecules by chemical reaction is called the Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), this is a measure of the amount of oxygen required to breakdown the molecules. Also the amount of oxygen required to breakdown completely the hydrocarbon molecule by biological activity is called the Biochemical Oxygen demand (BOD). However, in these report Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) will be focused on rather than Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD). Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) can simply be defined as the amount of oxygen used up by microorganism (e.g. aerobic bacteria) in water. The rate at which oxygen is used up is perhaps more important than the determination of dissolved oxygen (Pierce J. J et al 1997). How much clean a water is can well be determined by the amount of BOD, this is because the amount of oxygen present is determined and also the amount available for both plants and organisms to use up and maintain a balance ecosystem. Increase of biochemical oxygen demand in a water body can be caused by; * If there is high level of organic pollutant   High level of nutrients. Increase in BOD causes species or microroganisms that are sensitive to lower dissolved oxygen to be replaced by organisms that are more tolerant to low dissolved oxygen, these results in a shift in the ecosystem. Organic and nitrogenous compounds are responsible for high levels of BOD, basically biochemical oxygen demand is divide into carbonaceous and nitrogenous oxygen demand. Aerobic organisms utilize organic and nitrogenous nutrients and these processes require high amount of dissolved oxygen. This is represented thus; Organic C6H2O6 + 6O2(aq) + bacteria 6CO2 (aq) + H2O (5) Nitrogenous. COHNS + O2 + bacteria CO2 + NH3 + energy (6) From equations 5 and 6, it is obvious that oxygen is consumed to the detriment of the water body. Factors that causes high Biochemical Oxygen Demand Organic matters are the source of high biochemical oxygen demand, the sources of these contaminant are, industrial effluents, leaves, dead plants, animal manure, sewage treatment works, urban runoff and agricultural runoff. However, in Nigeria the most significant contribution of organic compounds in water are the petroleum and petrochemical industries, oil exploration activities are being carried out.

Affirmative Action Essay -- American Government, Minorities

â€Å"It is not about assuring equality of opportunity but artificially that is, judicially enforcing equality of outcome† (Williams 69). John F. Kennedy first introduced the term affirmative action during the era of the Cold War and the civil rights movement. The term is defined as integration of different race, sex, and country of origin into universities and employment (Ana 30). The beginning of affirmative action started with the Civil Rights Act of 1964 by the Johnson Administration. The Civil Rights Act allowed African Americans to attend desegregated schools and become eligible to vote. The 1971 Philadelphia Plan was implemented by the Nixon administration, which called for quota systems to ensure that a certain number of underrepresented races are met to achieve what is called â€Å"diversity.† By the late 1970s, it was extended to college admissions where controversy surrounding the use of affirmative action was in question by whites and the Supreme Court. Alth ough many college admissions officials feel that affirmative action is the only way to promote diversity, these policies should not be used as a deciding factor in college admissions because they are a form of reverse discrimination, hurtful to students, and unconstitutional in law. Affirmative action was introduced as a way to promote diversity and ensure fairness. College admissions officials feel as if the only way to achieve diversity in their campuses is to discriminate overrepresented ethnic groups such as Caucasians and Asians for minorities of African American and Native American background. An example of the use of reverse discrimination was the University of Michigan-Ann Harbor admissions policy. On December 14, 2000, The New York Times did an article on the proce... ...sures fairness to all because students who graduate in the top ten are researched to have higher grades and graduation rates. The ten percent law has improved economic and geographical diversity because it draws the top students out of every part of Texas. The Austin Campus now has 853 high schools, previously 616, represented in the university. The Hispanic population has increased by 29% while the African American population has increased by 32% (Texas 8). The program also allows equal opportunity for all races because in order to have the benefit of attending the best schools in Texas, graduating in the top ten is a necessity. George W. Bush even stated that race-neutral policies are more successful than the policies of affirmative action. Affirmative action is an issue that needs to be educated to people because it affects everyone at some point in their life.

Research has been done to determine Essay

A lot of research has been done to determine whether short-term memory works better in the morning or afternoon. In a study, 16-18-year-olds (sixth form students of Battersea park school) were administered to take part in a word test to assess their short-term memory. Results of this were analyzed. Null Hypothesis: learning in the morning is more effective Alternative hypothesis: learning in the afternoon is more effective. Introduction To learn new things, to store experiences and to adapt to new circumstances – these characteristics of the brain enable us the daily survival . This special flexibility of the brain is reached through constant making and breaking contact between nerve cells. Whenever we learn something, the connections between nerve cells, (synapses) change. At this point, the Axon of a nerve cell and the Dendrite of the neighbouring cell meet. The centre for brain research of the medical University of Vienna is currently involved in two researches that contribute to the clarification of the processes in memory. They had tested the article (of researchers at the Harvard Medical School), which is called a key experiment. It was found that a Micro RNA and the accompanying messenger RNA exist at the contact point of synapses. What are Micro- and messenger RNA? It is a different form of the Ribonucleic acid. As a messenger RNA (mRNA), one is already more familiar with for a long time: It functions as a messenger, transports a message of the DNA – often, but not always from a gene – out of the cell nucleus into the cytoplasm. There the message is translated often, but not always into a protein. One knows micro RNAs for the least in time: They consist only of 21 bases respectively, and they are not translated into proteins. They rather check an mRNA in that they cause or prevent that the mRNA is translated into a protein. So they are regulators. For example just at a synapse, as long as there a micro RNA on a certain mRNA, it is not translated into a protein. If the micro RNA falls away, the protein emerges – and the synapse changes its form and also the signal forwarding. In other words we can say that the nerve cell learned something. In the journal of Cell Biology (172, p. 221) – Kiebler describes a second factor that is necessary, with a synapse function: Staufen 2: That is a protein that is responsible for the carrying of mRNA along the cell skeleton to the synapse. It brings RNAs to where they are needed. Neurons which are missing the protein Staufen2 have less synapses, and the signal transmission between them is disturbed. â€Å"An important notice on that, is that Staufen 2 for the education of functioning Synapses is crucial†, says Kiebler ( researcher). If what we have learned is forgotten, long-term connections become out of contact of the connection points. German Neurobiologist worked on the correlation between the outgrowing of the connections of cells, the so-called â€Å"thorns† and the building of functioning synapses. In order to be able to follow the outgrowing of thorns, the cells in the near surrounding area of the stimuli were observed using a high resolution two-Photon-microscope. An electron microscope was used in order to review whether the variations in the nerve cells actually led to the origin of new synapses. Within few minutes after the current impulse, the encouraged nerve cells opened the gate to a new discovery. These thin thorns do not grow spontaneously (as they thought), but rather grow towards possible contact partners. Within the first eight hours no piece of information can be exchanged between the newly emerged cell contacts. Not until the following hours it is decides whether a connection remains exist or disappears. For sure, those contacts, that are still available after 24 hours, have fully functioning synapses which can transfer information and have a good chance to exist after several days. Then the reconstruction in the brain is locked evidently. Which parts of the brain remember which type of memory?

American football and good sportsmanship Essay

â€Å"One who plays a sport fairly and loses gracefully† is how The Merriam Webster Dictionary defines sportsmanship. What is a sportsman? The definition seems to have undergone a big change over the years. If children follow the example set by today’s athletes, the definition would equal a sore loser. High school sports should be a fun way to physically express yourself as an athlete, but at the same time learn some of life’s lessons, like sportsmanship, discipline, and respect. In today’s society, winning comes before everything, but if winning requires neglect of good sportsmanship, then nothing is gained in the long run. Sportsmanship matters not only in sports, but also in the rest of our everyday lives. In any competition, whether a job interview, a school science fair, or even a friendly game of cards with some friends, sportsmanship teaches you to win humbly and lose gracefully. Sportsmanship also helps us to understand each other better, because when we get along, we can listen to the other person’s perspective, and see where they are coming from, and avoid a bad, possibly violent situation. Almost everyday on the news violence is reported at a sporting event, evidence of bad sportsmanship. Without sportsmanship there would be no sports, because no one would want to compete with a person who when they lost, would throw a fit, cry, and whine. Young athletes usually learn sportsmanship from an older person, like a parent, sibling, or, probably the most influential role model, a professional athlete on television. Unfortunately many role models now days are planting the idea of gamesmanship, instead of sportsmanship into the heads of young athletes. Gamesmanship is commonly known as the art of winning games, pushing the rules to the limit, and using whatever means, to gain the advantage over your opponent. Coaches are constantly demonstrating how to be a badsportsman. They walk up and down the sidelines screaming at referees, players, and if provoked, the fans. Professional football players should enjoy the game, but dancing in the end zone after every touchdown is not the ideal way for a role model to present themselves. How can children be expected to learn good sportsmanship if their role models are telling them to â€Å"win at all costs† or â€Å"just do what ever it takes (to win)? † Athletes and sports- crazed parents should remember that whatever the situation, it is just a game, because without good sportsmanship in activities, the lessons learned lose their value. Michigan State University’s report, â€Å"Sportsmanship: Building Character or ‘Characters’? † on the Youth Sportsman Institute webpage, explains the basic idea of how the role of children’s participation in sports affects their sportsmanship. The report gives examples of how good sportsmen, and bad sportsmen are viewed by society. The Youth Sports Institute says, â€Å"participation is viewed as a double-edged sword that may have either negative or positive effects on the child†(â€Å"Sportsmanship†,1) and that â€Å"the critical factor in determining whether the youth sports experience has a positive or negative effect on children is the quality of adult leadership†(â€Å"Sportsmanship, 3). The story â€Å"Friday Night Lights†, written by H. G. Bissinger, gives examples of bad sportsmanship, like the Youth Sportsman Institute suggests. â€Å"Friday Night Lights† is a story about a football-obsessed town in Odessa, Texas. The whole story expresses winning or losing the game as a life or death situation. In Odessa, bad sportsmanship isn’t just a problem for the athletes; it is a town-wide disease. The coaches talk bad behind their player’s backs, while the fans litter the head coaches yard with for-sale signs, blaming him for losing the big game. The first instance of bad sportsmanship in the story is where Bissinger describes what was said to Boobie Miles during the previous week’s football game. One of the Cooper Cougar’s players said, â€Å"Com’on, you tough motherfucker, com’on lets see how tough you are! † and â€Å"you ain’t nothin’ but a goddamn pussy! † In the Youth Sportsman Code, these comments would definitely fall under â€Å"the making sarcastic remarks about opponents† and â€Å"the swearing at opponents† sections in the unsportsmanlike category. Bad sportsmanship occurs again in â€Å"Friday Night Lights† when the quarterback throws a bad pass as the last seconds tick off of the game clock. One of his teammates curses him, when the right thing to do would be to say something like, â€Å"good effort, better luck next time†. â€Å"If the team is in a championship game and a star player violates a team sportsmanship rule which requires removal from the game, the rule must be enforced. † (â€Å"Sportsmanship†,3) The Youth Sports Institute says to reinforce sportsmanship behaviors and penalize unsportsmanlike behaviors (â€Å"Sportsmanship†,3). The coaches should have disciplined Boobie when he was angry and threw his shoulder pads against the wall, instead of ignoring him. Another example of bad sportsmanship displayed by the Odessa coaching staff is when they talked bad about Boobie behind his back â€Å"most of the other members of the Permian football staff privately called him lazy, and stupid, and shiftless, and selfish, and casually called him just another â€Å"dumb nigger† if he couldn’t carry that football under his arm. † Coaches should always be positive towards their athletes, regardless of their personal opinion. â€Å"He sat on the bench, his eyes staring strait ahead, burning with a mixture of misery and anger as it became clear that the coaches had no intention of playing him tonight, that they were willing to test his knee out in the meaningless runaways, but not in the games that counted. † Boobie hurt his knee earlier in the season, and was not as fast as he was the year before, so the coaches benched him during the games that counted. The sportsmanlike approach to this is letting all athletes play regardless of their skill, or past experience. Ideally, society wants everyone to be a good sportsman, but realistically, in the heat of battle, with your adrenaline pumping, you will do what ever it takes to win. Until role models realize that they are role models, and start doing what is right, bad sportsmanship will continue to exist. When you do not have good sportsmanship, you will not have fun when you compete in sporting events. Athletes and fans need to remember life is not all about sports. If you give it your all, and lose, you should not get mad at yourself; it is not the end of the world! Go back out there and try harder and maybe you will win next time.

Witches essays

Witches essays This book is about a young boy who is on an adventure to discover the truth about Witches! This young energetic boy is called...well actually he doesnt have a name, he is just known in the book as Boy, and he is kind of the narrator in this book. Anyway the person responsible for beginning his fascination about witches was his very own grandmother. His grandmother was Norwegian, and apparently all the Norwegians knew about these so called Witches! The Boy lived in England with his parents, while his grandmother lived in Norway and usually twice a year his family would come down to Norway to visit his grandmother. Unfortunately, just soon after his seventh birthday, they were heading up to Norway and their car skidded off the road and came tumbling down into a rocky ravine, both his mum and dad died in this tragic accident and strangely the boy only got away with a minor cut in his forehead! After that it was arranged that he had to live with his grandmother in Norway. The grandmother trying to help the boy forget his tragic lost decided to tell him stories. She told him all kind of stories, but out of all the topics, Witches was the most he was really interested about! She had told him about 5 children who had an encounter with a witch and never lived to tell the tale. In one of these stories this one really fascinated me...there was a family called Christiansen, the lived up on Holmenkollen and they had a really old oil painting in the living room which they were very proud of. The painting showed some ducks in the yard outside a farmhouse, there were no humans painted. It was a rather large painting and really pretty. Anyway one day their daughter came home eating an apple, she said that a nice lady had given it to her. The next morning they couldnt find their daughter anywhere, it was like she had vanished into thin air, but in the end they found her, they found her in the painting! ...

Military Ranks, Units and Weapons

Military Ranks, Units and Weapons Military Ranks, Units and Weapons Military Ranks, Units and Weapons By Mark Nichol Even the best and most popular authors get facts wrong sometimes (often because they leave research to others and don’t vet it, or are careless in their own investigations), but that’s no excuse for shoddy writing that contradicts what a large segment of the readership knows to be true. One area that’s a minefield, so to speak, for writers is the military. It’s easy to find detailed information about military ranks, units, and weaponry, not to mention history, but here’s some basic training: Military Rank Various nations follow differing conventions of nomenclature for military ranks, which specify an individual’s place in the military hierarchy. Charts that compare various military ranks among and within countries abound in print and online, but the major distinction is between commissioned officers, noncommissioned officers, and enlisted personnel. The first category is for personnel, often college graduates, who command units of various sizes depending on seniority. Noncoms are experienced enlisted personnel who supervise smaller groups of lower-ranking personnel. The term captain is a common point of confusion. A captain (the word is from the Latin for â€Å"head†) originally led a company of soldiers of indeterminate size. In modern armies, marine units, and air forces, captains are relatively low-ranking officers probably in their late 20s or early 30s. Naval captains, however, for reasons I won’t detail here, are much higher in equivalent seniority and usually much older. Furthermore, the commanding officer of most vessels is, by tradition, called the captain, though they may not hold that specific rank. In books, films, and television programs, the creators often stretch the bounds of probability as far as rank is concerned. In the original Star Trek TV series, for example, Captain Kirk was very young to be commanding a starship, though the 2009 big-screen reboot gives a plausible explanation for his precocious promotion. (Well, as plausible as anything is concerned when the subject is Star Trek.) By contrast, Brad Pitt’s character in Quentin Tarantino’s World War II action flick Inglourious Basterds [sic] is a mere army lieutenant. People who hold that beginner’s rank are likely to be in their early to mid-20s, but Pitt is old enough to be a lieutenant’s father. Military-style ranks are used in American police and fire departments. In large cities, a captain is a fairly high rank (while lieutenants are fairly common, especially among detectives), but in smaller departments, the chief may hold the rank of captain, and there may be only one lieutenant, or up to several. Similarly, a captain or a lieutenant heads up a fire company, which may consist of only a few firefighters, but a small-town fire department with a single station may be headed by a captain. Military Units You’ve seen it before: a book or movie synopsis that goes something like â€Å"A tough sergeant leads a platoon of commandos behind enemy lines . . . .† The military has a very specific organizational structure, and a platoon, which consists of several dozen soldiers, is never led by a sergeant, who in combat would be responsible for no more than a dozen or so men. As it turns out, the story’s commando unit consists of eight guys. There’s no military unit ordinarily consisting of eight soldiers, but an ad hoc assemblage could informally be called a squad. But if it’s on a special mission, even a mere eight-man unit would likely be led not by a sergeant but by a fairly junior officer, like Tom Hanks’s Captain Miller in Saving Private Ryan (who is assisted by a sergeant, who would take charge if his commanding officer were killed or incapacitated). Military Weapons Plenty of derision has been aimed over the years at war and cop movies and westerns, and at genre fiction, in which the hero’s magic gun never runs out of bullets, but it still happens. (I was annoyed too, while watching an already annoying fantasy film, when a character ambled through a crowded market square with an uncovered double-bladed battle-ax strapped to his back. All he had to do was inadvertently back into somebody to perform an instant nose-ectomy.) Follow the Drill Details like these may seem trivial to civilians, but they’re distracting to millions of service members and veterans, and many others, who know a sergeant major from a major general, a division from a detachment, and a Luger from a Ruger. The same problem afflicts people with firsthand or secondhand knowledge of any other system or profession or industry or avocation. So, if you’re going to write about the military, or about any other topic, do your research, and write it right. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:"Gratitude" or "Gratefulness"?20 Clipped Forms and Their Place (If Any) in Formal Writing

Advancing Practice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Advancing Practice - Essay Example In a study it has been revealed that the percent of smoking among adults has considerably decreases in the late seventies and eighties but was leveled in the nineties. Though in late nineties the percentage of smokers had dropped a bit it was estimated that the situation wouldn’t improve further. If the effects of smoking can be quantified, then we will be talking of one of the most expensive pastimes in our time. It is approximated that in United Kingdom alone, the government spends close to a million Euros in intervention measures aimed at smoking cessation. This cost does not reflect the amount spent by other interest groups such as Non governmental organizations, research firms and private charity organizations. Speaking qualitatively, smoking causes more deaths all over the world than HIV/Aids. Of all smokers, a considerable percentage is drawn from adolescents but past smoking cessation programs have not targeted this age group but concentrated in other groups such as adults. This has contributed to a significant drop in the number of adult population smokers but of significance to this essay is the fact that, the prevalence of smoking amongst the adolescents has remained high or plummeted altogether. Substances which adolescents often abuse are referred to as psychoactive substances meaning that when taken, they have the capability to change an individual’s consciousness, mood or thinking process. They suppress a part of the brain whose usual function is normally to regulate the functions of the mood, thoughts and motivations. Cigarette smoking is one of the leading causes of deaths in the world. But sadly enough, those are deaths which are very preventable if smoking cessation is fully appreciated by the governments and other stake holders like education sector, religious organizations and charities. Studies indicate that in the United States of America alone, cigarette smoking cause up to around

Discuss about the movie Super Size me, and how its related to Pop Essay

Discuss about the movie Super Size me, and how its related to Pop CultureMcdonaldization - Essay Example 'Super Size Me' undoubtedly deals with the question of where company onus bleeds into personal responsibility, but the film concentrates on the more grisly results of a McDonald's-only diet and on a culture of a fast food country. Spurlock ate nothing but McDonald's, three times a day for thirty days, and imitated the exercise sample of an average American by only walking a few thousand steps a day. Although, especially in the United States, the omnipresent hamburger chain has been around for a long time, it was sociologist George Ritzer who in 1996 coined the phrase 'McDonaldization' in his book "The McDonaldization of Society". It refers not only to food but to a number of different areas. This "sweeping through seemingly impervious institutions " (Ritzer 1996) has had its impact upon diverse institutions. It is part of a massive bureaucratization of everyday life which leads to a progressive standardization (Ritzer1993). The hamburger is not only consumed physically as a material substance, but is consumed culturally as an image and an icon of a particular way of life (Featherstone). The awful revelation made by "Super Size Me" of the increase in obesity in America and, more impor

Point Helper Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Point Helper - Assignment Example This has been the case for several popular brands such as: Hewlett Packard, Pepsi, AT&T, etc. Aside from the usual research and campaign, companies have also utilized state-of-the-art recruitment materials (like quick response bar codes for AT&T), web videos, and informational web sites. From the use of one-size fits all strategy, companies have delved into specific growth opportunities and benefits of prospective employees. While oil prices in various Asian countries continue to decline significantly, it also reflects vulnerability in the macroeconomics aspect. Export commodities will be adversely affected, what with their heavy dependence on the buying power of overseas consumers. Inflation rates may also continue to climb. While the purchasing power of consumers particularly in China increases due to recent wage hike, prices of commodities will also increase. Currency appreciation will adversely increase prices of real estate and other

MARKETING IMPLICATIONS ON 3D LED TV:

MARKETING IMPLICATIONS ON 3D LED TV: Samsung Electronics was the first company to come out with the idea of 3D LED TV where in the LED is used as backlight and they are mounted just behind the screen. This produces clarity in picture. Samsung is the first company to come up with the worlds first touch screen remote control for the TV with a three inch color display. These incomparable features give Samsung an advantage over the others in the television industry. Samsung also boasts of the first-mover advantage. In the sense they were the first to come out with such a TV. They are also the current market leader as they have sold more than 2.5 million such TVs in the first year and they are targeting more than 30 million customers in the year 2011. This proves that they are highly driven towards achieving a greater market share and would continue to dominate the market with their ardent marketing. They believe in capturing the wonder and excitement to the customer. They set up their launches on a tree or a floor or a street so that an ordinary mundane life of the customer gets enriched by the wat their products capture the 3D view of the objects. This excitement and hype created by their products makes for a great marketing technique. Some of the marketing techniques they have adopted include: Premium Pricing Strategy: When they first introduced the 3D LED TV, Samsung had premium pricing. This means that their price was above the industry average and this was well justified by the fact that none of the other companies offered such an innovative product along with so many sophisticated features. But recently, Samsung has been forced to slash their premium pricing to a more affordable pricing. Even with their initial premium pricing there were many takers. But now as the bargaining power of the customers has increased with the entry of Sony and LG into the market with the same model of televisions, it is imperative that they reduce the price to attract more customers. First-Mover Advantage: At present there are 3 companies that produce 3D LED TVs including Samsung. Samsung 3D LED TV was introduced in February 2010 and LG soon followed with its TV in March 2010. Though Sony and LG have been fast followers, Samsung still has the edge over the others because of its innovative design, sophisticated features and having the first mover advantage. It may not be for so long as Sony is planning to exploit the reputation it has earned for itself as a strong quality and technology provider. This poses a threat to the position that Samsung currently enjoys. Sony has built its reputation on providing premium pricing products and when they offer normal pricing to a product which at present has premium pricing this is a definite threat to Samsung that cannot be ignored. SEGMENTATION TARGETING AND POSITONING: Samsung targets those customers who are willing to pay the premium pricing and those are highly interested in buying innovative technology. Those who would like to possess the best in technology and those who are early adopters of new technology and innovation are their main target. The current positioning of Samsung 3D LED TV series is that they are market leaders with close competition from Sony and LG. SEGMENT: Early adopters of new innovation and technology TARGET: Those willing to pay the premium pricing for new technology products and are highly involved for a rich entertainment experience. POSITION: Currently market leaders with a major market share and recently have been forced to cut prices following tough competition from other contenders like Sony and LG. This targeting and positioning might change both ways even if any of one of the following happens: If there are further innovative features offered by Samsung, they can retain the customer base and maybe even attract a few more. But if not and those features are provided by other companies, it can pose a threat to the current position. On the other hand, any reduction in the pricing might also favour Samsung. That being said, it is also important they offer the product at an industry average. Too much of a price cut might also backfire in that the quality might come under question. FINANCIAL IMPLICATIONS: Financial implications of a product are far and wide. It includes the cost involved in the making of the product until the time it reaches the customer and also the pricing strategy followed by the company. 3D LED TV is a result of state of the art innovation and research by various technologists and scientists. So obviously there is a huge scientific and technological cost involved in the making of this product. There is also the cost of supply chain where the chain starts with the suppliers, manufacturers, buyers, wholesalers, retailers and customers. The price of such a television is finalized keeping all these financial costs involved. It becomes almost necessary that a company offer such a product at premium pricing. Effect on the Company: Company incurs various costs such as the technological costs and research and development cost. Also any change in the market might have an effect on the company. If there is a new feature that is provided by other competitors, others should also try to compete on an improved level. This might further increase the manufacturing cost. A normal LED TV has around 1000-1500 light emitting diodes and even if one of them is dismounted or repaired the cost of replacing them is high. If this problem is encountered too soon, it might affect the reliability of the product both financially and sales wise. Effect on the Customers: Customers are those who are making use of this television and any change in their preferences or wants or needs might have a change in the financial aspects of the company. If the bargaining powers of customers increase due to the availability of more such 3D LED televisions, it might to lead to price reduction by all the competitors to capture a huge part of the market share. If there are many such products then the customers have more options to choose from. Another interesting aspect of the financial implication is that when the target customers need further technological innovation then it increases the technological cost incurred. There are some customers who might be willing to pay the premium pricing even though there might be other options at different pricing. This should also be taken into account when fixing the price. Production Cost: Production cost includes the cost of technological innovation and the manufacturing cost until the finished goods reach the end users; in this case the customers. The production cost might increase depending up on the various features as requested by the customers. At present 3D LEDs are available around 5000-6000 USD. Gagnon, Director of North America TV Market Research. However, the increased level of competition among manufacturers in 2010, with LED models comprising more than 50 per cent of some lineups, will drive that average premium down to less than 70 per cent over 40-inch and as low as 17 per cent at 22-24-inch. Overall, this should push the LED-backlit LCD TV market to more than 35 million units or 20 per cent of total LCD TV shipments worldwide. Factors Affecting the Cost: There are many factors that affect the cost. They include any technological innovation, change in customer needs, special features in competitors television model, any change in the patents filed by other scientists, economic growth etc.

The Language of Gender, Race, and Class Sustains Power :: Linguistics politics

The Language of Gender, Race, and Class Sustains Power Born into the world, Homo Sapiens inherit a mythology through language and ideas justifying their place in that world. Mythology is an invisible mental world that supports the physical world. Language may be an apparatus for surviving experience, but it only gives the individual mental analogies of reality. Language is not value free; language has political power implications inherited from its popular mythology. These political power implications are most accentuated in a society by race, class, and gender archetypes. Though gender shares no apparent attributes with race and class, in mythological terms the archetypes are interrelated. Gender, race, and class archetypes are inherited mythological terms that define an individual?s political relationships. Political relationships are the masterminds initiating the slave minds into operation. Mythology changes the apparent binary master slave relationship into the three different paradigms of gender, race, and class, each archetype having peculiar identifiers for the master slave relationship in the popular American Mythology. A philosopher should examine the language of master slave relationship archetypes, the effects of this language on mythology, and describe how these archetypes effect society, to ascertain why gender is interrelated with race and class. ?In the beginning (arche: beginning, power, rule) was the word (logos: word, speech, story, argument, reasoning).? John 1:1 Language (logos) has constructed a reality based on master slave relationship. In American Mythology the use of the word ?God? signifies a male creator. In this ontology, the female is considered temporal and emotional, and the male is considered divine and rational. Color takes the similar value system, dark is night and is irrational, light is day and rational. Property is a realm of God, more property cumulated, more power of God the individual possesses. In a world that bases power on technology, reason becomes power transferred into property, which survives the individual existence. Language articulates an inherited patriarchal and racial hierarchy based on sex and skin color, with light skin mastering dark skin in social relations, just as an individual masters property or God masters the earth. Hence, the language that builds mythology justifies the master slave relationship.

Well written article

The article ;s written by Status Manuals Abdullah Kasbah. The article presents the factors of gangsters in worldwide. The article is well-written article because the writer use facts In Its article, the arguments are supported by strong and systematic evidences and the references used are relevant and current. First, it is a well-written article because the article provides factual information.Paragraph 3 show It when the article provide that The Imprint Period up to the age of even, we are like sponge, absorbing everything around us and accepting much of it as true. This statement is a fact. Next, the article says The Modeling Period between the ages of eight and thirteen, we copy people, often from our parents, but also other people. The Solicitation Period between 13 and 21, we are largely Influenced by our peers. The statement provided by the article are all facts because all of children faced it and it cannot be deniable.Secondly, the article Is well-written article because the arguments In this article are supported by strong and systematic evidences. This Is shown in Paragraph 5 which It stated that on average, a typical Canadian child will watch about 22 hours of television per week and this adds up to more time spent watching television that time spent at school, playing sports or communicating with family and friends. Next, the article stated that In America, gangs formed before War of Independence.In Paragraph 6, it stated that it has been recently estimated that there are more than 24,500 gangs and over 772,500 gangs members in the U. S. The general age rang of youth gang members is between the age of 14-24. The article also provided that the rent study analyzes the relationship between gang membership and socio- demographic characteristics, neighborhood disorientation theory, social bond theory, social train theory, differential association theory, and self-control theory in order to provide insight Into the etiology of gang membership.Lastly. The article is a well-written article because the references used are relevant and current. As example, in Paragraph 5, it refers to Miller (1992) which defines a street gang as â€Å"a self-formed association of peers, united by mutual interests, with Identifiable leadership and internal organization, who act collectively or as Individuals to achieve specific purposes, Including the conduct of Illegal activity and control of a particular territory, facility or enterprise.Then, it refers to gang violence which refers to mostly those illegal and non-political acts of violence perpetrated by gangs against innocent people, property, or other gang violence at some point In Its history-Hispanics and African Americans are more likely than other ethnic groups to be gang members refers from Speller, 1990. Male gang members engage in more crime than their counterpart female gang members (Messier, 1985). Gang socially depressed Moonstone, 1983).Jackson's (1990) also noted that youth may Join a g ang for material reasons, recreation, a hide out or avoid legal problem, physical protection, and to gain autonomy from authority figures . In conclusion, the article is well-written article because the writer use facts in its article, the arguments are supported by strong and systematic evidences and the references used are relevant and current. The criteria of the article is mostly well- written without assumption without proof, and another characteristics that avoid the article from a poor-written article

African Americans in American Society 1920s Essay

Many blacks contributed to the success of our country in every war that we as a people have ever fought. In order to properly thank them for their heroic effort, I as a Hispanic Caucasian must give credit where credit is due. In order to properly do so, I must begin with the contributions of â€Å"Black America† beginning with the American Revolution and continue up until the World War II. Make no mistake blacks made contributions well past World War II, but in the interest of time and accuracy I must stay within the confines of our earlier history. One main aspect that should be analyzed is the fact that no matter how hard the struggle, blacks have always overcome adversity no matter what the cost. Of course, contributions made by blacks are not limited to war alone, but include a wide spectrum of achievements that have advanced civilization as a whole. My personal respect and thanks go to all people who have served and continue to serve this country at any capacity. But we must never forget the contributions made by our black brothers and sisters who gave their lives fighting for a cause that so greatly affected their lives as well as our well being. Charles Dickens said it best in his book A Tale of Two Cities, â€Å"It was the best of times it was the worst of times†. The American Revolution was a time of great struggle for people of all races. But, Blacks in particular understood the literal meaning of patriot rhetoric, eagerly took up the cause of American freedom, fighting bravely in the early confrontations with the British. Though the revolution freed some blacks and set the country on a course toward the abolition of slavery, political accommodation to plantation owners forestalled emancipation for many blacks in the south for 90 more years. A black man was one of the first martyrs of the patriot cause. Crispus Attucks, apparently a slave who had run away from his owner 20 years before, died in the Boston Massacre in 1770. Though facts were disputed at trials then as now, witnesses said Attucks hit a British officer with a large piece of firewood, grabbed a bayonet and urged the crowd to attack just before the British fired. Attucks and two others were killed while eight were wounded, two mortally. Blacks served at the battles of Lexington and Concord. Peter Salem, a freed slave, stood on the green at Lexington facing the British when the first battle broke out with the shot that was heard around the world. One of the last men wounded in the battle as the British escaped to Boston was Prince Estabrook, a black man from West Lexington. At least 20 blacks, including Peter Salem, were in the ranks two months later when the British attacked an American position outside Boston in the Battle of Bunker Hill. Salem has been honored for firing the shot that killed Major John Pitcairn, the British officer who led the Redcoats when they had attacked his small unit at Lexington. Unable to venture outside Boston and then threatened with cannon surrounding the city, the British left Boston for New York. As the war changed from a Massachusetts endeavor to a broader conflict throughout the colonies, the politics of race changed dramatically. Blacks had been welcomed in the New England militia, but Congress initially decided against having them in the Continental army. Congress needed support from the South if all the colonies were to win their independence from England. Since southern plantation owners wanted to keep their slaves, they were afraid to give guns to blacks. Congress ordered all blacks removed from the army, but black veterans appealed directly to George Washington, who took up their cause with John Hancock, president of the Continental Congress. Blacks serving in the army were allowed to stay, but new enlistments were forbidden. Though the Declaration of Independence declared that â€Å"all men were created equal,† many blacks soon saw more opportunity on the British side. The British governor of Virginia promised immediate freedom and wages to any slave who would join the Kings army. Hundreds flocked to the standard of the governor, Lord Dunmore, but he was denied a base on the land by the American forces and many of the blacks who joined him died of smallpox on overcrowded ships. The loyalty of blacks was a serious issue for the American leaders because blacks made up one-fifth of the two million people in the colonies. With the British soldiers already outnumbering the American troops, and recruitment difficult for the patriots, the northern colonies soon again began to enlist blacks. Rhode Island made up a regiment almost entirely of blacks. As the war continued, colonies as far south as Maryland and Virginia were recruiting free blacks for the American cause. As the war spread into the South, Congress found it needed to recruit slaves. It offered to pay South Carolina slave owners $1,000 for able-bodied male slaves. The slaves would receive no pay, but would be given $50 and their freedom at the end of the war if they served â€Å"well and faithfully. † The South Carolina Assembly threatened to leave the war, dooming the plan in the southernmost colonies. Recruitment of blacks to the American cause continued further north, but the patriots had less success than the British. The offer of immediate freedom extended by Virginia’s unfortunate loyalist governor was eventually made by the British throughout the colonies. Slaves joined the British by the tens of thousands. The fate of the loyalist blacks varied considerably. Some were captured by Americans and either returned to their masters or treated as war loot and sold back into slavery. Approximately 20,000 were with the British at the end of the war, taken to Canada or the Caribbean. Some became the founders of the British colony of Sierra Leone in West Africa. Even though the British offered slaves a better deal, many blacks served on the American side. They made up a sizeable share of the men in the Continental navy, state navies and the large force of American privateers. Blacks had long been in the labor force on ships and at seaports. On the water, then as now, skill counted for more than politics. The precise role of blacks in the revolution is difficult to quantify. Blacks in those days generally did not write. The people who did write early histories of the revolution were whites and concentrated on the efforts of white men. Also, many participants in the revolution were not specifically identified by race in the documents of the time and historians now have no way of knowing whether they were black. When blacks were allowed to serve in the American military, they often did work as laborers, sometimes in addition to regular soldier duties. Usually they were privates, though a few rose to command small groups of men. The words of the Declaration of Independence were taken literally by blacks and some whites. In, 1780, Pennsylvania became the first colony to pass a law phasing out slavery. Children born to slaves after that date were granted their freedom when they reached 28. Other northern states followed. The Superior Court of Massachusetts held in 1783 that slavery violated the state constitution, and New Hampshire also ended slavery by a court ruling. Vermont outlawed slavery and Connecticut and Rhode Island passed gradual emancipation laws. New York outlawed slavery in 1799 and New Jersey followed in 1804. The international slave trade was outlawed in 1808. Progress then came to a stop. A boom in cotton production spread the slave economy into the lower Mississippi Valley. Slave states were careful to control at least half the political power in the federal government, blocking any national movement against slavery until the Civil War. The 54th Massachusetts Regiment On January 1, 1863, President Abraham Lincoln signed the Emancipation Proclamation, freeing the slaves in the rebelling territories of the confederacy and authorizing Black enlistment in the Union Army. Since the beginning of the Civil War, free Black people in general, and Black Bostonians in particular, were ready to gather arms on behalf of the Union, yet they were prevented from doing so. Popular racial stereotypes and institutional discrimination against Blacks in the military contributed to the prevailing myth that Black men lacked the intelligence and bravery necessary to serve their country. By the fall of 1862, however, the lack of White Union enlistment and confederate victories at Antietem forced the U. S. government to reconsider its racist policy. As Congress met in October to address the issue of Black enlistment, various troops of Black volunteers had already been organized, including the First South Carolina and the Kansas Colored Troops. It wasn’t until January 26, 1863; however, that secretary of war Edwin Stanton authorized the enlistment of Black troops. As a result, the 54th Regiment of Massachusetts Volunteer infantry was founded, becoming the first all-Black Union regiment raised in the north. Training began for Black volunteers at Camp Meigs in Reedville, MA on February 21, 1863. Although some members of the community voiced opposition to the prevention of Black men from achieving the rank of colonel or officer, most community activists urged Black men to seize the opportunity to serve in the Union forces. The fear many Black volunteers had about the potential racism of White officers and colonels was calmed when Massachusetts Governor John Andrew assured Bostonians that White officers assigned to the 54th Regiment would be â€Å"young men of military experience, of firm anti-slavery principles, ambitious, superior to a vulgar contempt for color, and having faith in the capacity of colored men for military service. † Andrew held to his word, appointing 25-year-old Robert Gould Shaw as colonel and George P. Hallowell as Lieutenant. The son of wealthy abolitionists, Shaw had been educated in Europe and at Harvard before joining the seventh New York National Guard in 1861. In 1862, when Governor Andrew contacted Shaw’s father about the prospect of commissioning his son as colonel of the soon-to-be organized fifty-fourth, Shaw was an officer in the Second Massachusetts Infantry. Although reluctant to accept the commission, Shaw eventually became colonel. By the time training began at Camp Meigs, Shaw and his officers began work with the soldiers whose bravery would forever change public perception of Black military skill and valor. Black community leaders across the country such as Frederick Douglass and William Wells Brown served as recruiting agents for the Union army. As a result, over 1000 volunteers enlisted in the 54th Regiment, a response so overwhelming that Massachusetts organized a second Black regiment, the fifty-fifth. Men of the fifty-fourth represented twenty-four states, the District of Columbia, the West Indies, and Africa. Approximately 25% of them had been slaves, over 50% were literate, and, although as civilians they had worked in forty-six different occupations, the overwhelming majorities (55%) were common laborers. Regardless of origin, occupation, or social class, the men of the 54th Regiment both inspired Boston’s Black community and provided a symbol of pride for abolitionists across the country. Activists such as William Lloyd Garrison and Frederick Douglass visited Camp Meigs to show their support. Although the organization of the 54th Regiment resolved the conflict over Black enlistment in the Union army, the struggle of Black soldiers to gain respect in the military was just beginning. Upon arrival in the south, the Black soldiers were often treated as common laborers and the potential for their valor on the battlefield was disregarded. Upon arriving in Georgia on June 11, they were ordered by Col. James Montgomery of the Department of the South to raid the town of Darien. Reports of Black soldiers burning buildings and ravaging the homes of townspeople confirmed stereotypes of Black soldiers as un-trainable brutes. Col. Shaw found the raid on Darien barbarous and distasteful, and sent a letter to Brigadier General George C. Strong, requesting that the men be used in the planned attack on Fort Wagner, South Carolina. On July 16, the 54th Regiment fought alongside White soldiers of the 10th Connecticut Infantry in a skirmish on James Island, SC. This battle redeemed the Black soldiers’ fighting ability in the eyes of White skeptics, including General Strong, who commanded the 54th Regiment to lead the assault on Fort Wagner, scheduled for July 18. Strategically, a successful attack on Fort Wagner would allow Union forces to seize control of Charleston Harbor. Located on Morris Island, Fort Wagner protected Battery Gregg overlooking Fort Sumter. Thus, seizure of Fort Wagner was valuable because it enabled the Union to shell Sumter and close the harbor to confederate blockade runners, thereby paving the way for further Union attack on Charleston. Fort Wagner was located at the northern tip of Morris Island, and was controlled by 1700 troops and 17 artillery guns. Depleted to just over 600 men by the skirmish two days previous, the men of the 54th Regiment were ordered to lead the assault on Fort Wagner with the backing of regiments from New York, Connecticut, Maine, and Pennsylvania. Before the charge commenced, Colonel Shaw ordered the regiment to â€Å"prove yourselves as men. † Within 200 feet of the Fort, the confederates began to attack as the brave men of the 54th Regiment struggled through darkness, four-foot deep water, and marshland. Colonel Shaw, accompanied by dwindling numbers of dying men, managed to reach the top of the parapet where a bitter hand-to-hand combat ensued, the Black Union soldiers with bayonets against the White Confederate soldiers with handspikes and gun rammers. Colonel Shaw was mortally wounded with a pierce through the heart, along with a dozen of his men. Meanwhile, members of the 54th Regiment – some wounded, some dying – began to retreat; those who refused to back down were taken prisoner. As the smoke cleared, evidence of Confederate victory was immediately apparent, with 174 Rebel casualties and 1515 Union soldiers dead or wounded. Of the eleven regiments who participated in the Union assault, the fifty-forth Regiment accrued the most casualties, with 256 of their 600 men dead or wounded. Despite the heavy losses, the assault on Fort Wagner proved to the nation and the world the valor of Black soldiers in general and the men of the 54th Regiment in particular. From the ranks of the fifty-forth came stories of unfailing patriotism and undying glory. The men of the 54th Massachusetts Regiment, their White officers, colonel, and allies, not only struck a blow for American freedom and unity, they also proved to the nation and the world the valor, bravery, and devotion of African American soldiers. In the sacrifice made by Col. Shaw and his soldiers, Americans witnessed, for the first time, the supremacy of equality over racism, discrimination, and ignorance. Upon his death at Fort Wagner, the body of Col. Shaw was placed in a mass grave on Morris Island along with the bodies of his soldiers. The lack of proper military burial for a man who had distinguished himself as a soldier and as a leader was intended to insult the honor of Shaw and his family, who were deemed as race traitors by Confederates and White unionists alike. However, upon learning that his son had been buried with his black soldiers, Francis Shaw stated, with dignity, that â€Å"We hold that a soldier’s most appropriate burial place is on the field where he has fallen. † This statement and the honor displayed by the Shaw family and veterans of the fifty-fourth helped immortalize Shaw and his men as symbols of the Civil War battle for unity and equality. As a result of the 54th Regiment, over 180,000 Black men enlisted under the Union flag between 1863 and 1865. AFRICAN AMERICAN MILITARY SERVICE from WWI through WWII. During the global conflicts of the first half of the 20th century, U. S. servicemen fought in Europe for the first time in the nation’s history. African Americans were among the troops committed to combat in World War I (WWI) and World War II (WWII), even though they and other black Americans were denied the full blessings of the freedom for which the United States had pledged to fight. Traditional racist views about the use of black troops in combat initially excluded African Americans from the early recruiting efforts and much of the actual combat in both wars. Nonetheless, large numbers of African Americans still volunteered to fight for their country in 1917-18 and 1940-45. Once again, many black servicemen hoped their military contribution and sacrifice would prove to their white countrymen that African Americans desired and deserved a fully participatory role in U. S. society. Unfortunately, the deeply entrenched negative racial attitudes prevalent among much of the white American population, including many of the nation’s top military and civilian leaders, made it very difficult for blacks to serve in the military establishment of this period. African-American servicemen suffered numerous indignities and received little respect from white troops and civilians alike. The historic contributions by blacks to the defense of the United States were usually ignored or downplayed, while combat failures similar to those of whites and violent racial incidents often provoked by whites were exaggerated into a condemnation of all African Americans. In the â€Å"Jim Crow† world of pre-1945 America, black servicemen confronted not only the hostility of enemies abroad but that of enemies at home. African-American soldiers and sailors had two formidable obstacles to deal with: discrimination and segregation. Yet, black servicemen in both world wars repeatedly demonstrated their bravery, loyalty, and ability in combat or in support of frontline troops. Oftentimes, they accomplished these tasks without proper training or adequate equipment. Poor communications and a lack of rapport with their white officers were two additional burdens hampering the effectiveness and efficiency of African Americans in the military. Too frequently, there was little or no recognition or gratitude for their accomplishments. One of the worst slights of both wars was the willingness of the white establishment to allow racism to influence the award of the prestigious Medal of Honor. Although several exceptionally heroic African Americans performed deeds worthy of this honor, not one received at the time the award that their bravery and self-sacrifice deserved. It took over 70 years for the United States to rectify this error for WWI and over 50 years for WWII. Despite the hardships and second-class status, their participation in both wars helped to transform many African-American veterans as well as helped to eventually change the United States. Though still limited by discrimination and segregation at home, their sojourn in Europe during WWI and WWII made many black servicemen aware that the racial attitudes so common among white Americans did not prevail everywhere else. The knowledge that skin color did not preclude dignity and respect made many black veterans unwilling to submit quietly to continuing racial discrimination once they returned to the United States. In addition, the growing importance of black votes beginning in the 1930s and 1940s forced the nation’s political and military leaders to pay more attention to African Americans’ demands, particularly in regard to the military. Although it was a tedious and frustrating process, one too often marked by cosmetic changes rather than real reform, by the end of WWII, the U. S. military establishment slowly began to make some headway against racial discrimination and segregation within its ranks. The stage was set for President Harry S Truman’s landmark executive order of 26 July 1948. Another main contribution of note would be the trails and tribulations of the Tuskegee Airmen. In the 1940’s, it was still believed that Blacks were incapable of flying aircraft. This myth was dispelled with the help of the U. S. Congress. On June 27, 1939 – THE CIVILIAN PILOT TRAINING ACT was passed. This solitary ACT helped to create a reserve of civilian pilots to be called in case of War. Young black pilots were given the opportunity to train with U. S. approved programs located at TUSKEGEE INSTITUTE. The SELECTIVE SERVICE ACT OF 1940 also increased the opportunity for a broader participation of Blacks in the military when it banned discrimination in the selection and training of all American citizens because of race and color. The success of the CIVILIAN PILOT TRAINING ACT helped put the 99TH PURSUIT SQUADRON OF TUSKEGEE on the map. It was said that â€Å"the success of Negro youth in the Army Air Force would be predicated upon the success of the ‘Tuskegee Experiment. ‘† HBO’s docudrama, THE TUSKEGEE AIRMEN, is a good depiction of this era of Black Americans seeking acceptance as military pilots. Because of the opportunity provided by the Civilian Pilot Training Act, the number of Blacks in the ARMY AIR FORCE jumped from 2,250 in 1941 to over 145,000 by 1944. The two major groups to see combat as AAF men were the 99TH PURSUIT SQUADRON and the 332ND FIGHTER GROUP. Out of the 332nd Group came the 100th, 301st, and 302nd Squadrons under the command of Lieutenant Colonel BENJAMIN O. DAVIS, SR. , who became America’s FIRST AFRICAN AMERICAN GENERAL on October 25, 1940. By 1944, the 99th was added to the 332nd and participated in campaigns in Sicily, Rome, and Romania. The 99th and 332nd earned many DISTINGUISHED UNIT CITATIONS. These historical examples are but a small sample of the many great contributions and sacrifices made by black people in order to secure freedom and prosperity for this great nation. We owe them a debt than can never be fully repaid. If anything these great contributions should curtail any negative or racial thoughts toward such a magnanimous people. You would think that with all that has transpired throughout history, that we as a people could live and coexist together with peace and harmony. My only hope is that with time people will come to realize that we are all not that different from one another and that we can thrive together for a better future for all of us.